Primary-source ledger.

PRIMARY SOURCES · CHECKED 9 NOVEMBER 2026

HPE: open and heterogeneous AI infrastructure →2026-10-12 · Executive perspective; architecture direction, not independent performance validation.

HPE: next-generation Cray portfolio →2025-11-13 · Announcement includes early-2027 availability for specified blades, software and networking; do not treat all announced components as shipping.

HPE: FY2025 annual report, Business →FY2025 · Corporate strategy and product context; fiscal reporting period.

Lenovo: Neptune liquid cooling →Undated product page; checked 2026-11-09 · Vendor portfolio description. Heat-capture and savings claims depend on configuration and baseline.

Lenovo and University of Southampton HPC agreement →2026-06-22 · Announced phased research deployment; expected second phase is not evidence of completed delivery.

Lenovo: FY2025/26 chairman and CEO letter →2026-06-26 · Annual-report opening letter; first-party strategy perspective.

Lenovo: leadership →Checked 2026-11-09 · Confirms Ashley Gorakhpurwalla as EVP and President, Infrastructure Solutions Group.

Dell: supercomputing-class infrastructure announcement →2026-06-22 · PowerEdge XE8812 announcement states global availability early the following year; vendor comparisons are not independent tests.

Dell: Validated Design for Government →2026-10-19 · Reference design applies to described versions and configurations; assess current applicability.

Dell Technologies: FY2026 Form 10-K →2026-03-16 · Business-unit and executive-role evidence. Fiscal year ended 30 January 2026.

NERSC: parallelism →Living documentation; checked 2026-11-09 · Strong scaling fixes total problem size; weak scaling fixes work per processor.

NERSC: Roofline performance model →Living documentation; checked 2026-11-09 · Relates arithmetic intensity to compute and memory limits; measured kernels still matter.

NERSC: performance portability →Living documentation; checked 2026-11-09 · Architecture diversity makes application portability a design concern.

NERSC: job best practices →Living documentation; checked 2026-11-09 · Facility-specific operational guidance; use local site policies for actual jobs.

TOP500: June 2026 list →June 2026, 67th edition · Dated list, not a live feed. HPL is one benchmark, not a universal application ranking.

TOP500: June 2026 highlights →June 2026 · HPL-MxP precision and run configuration differ from HPL; do not compare scores as equivalent workloads. Some system details differ between list overview and highlights.

LBNL-hosted Green Grid: PUE examination →2012, version 6 · PUE = total facility energy / IT energy within the same boundary and period. Does not measure useful scientific output.

LBNL: data-centre assessment tools →Checked 2026-11-09 · Early-stage profiling tools support assessment, not an investment-grade design or site survey.